Escherichia coli ST131, an intriguing clonal group

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) emerged globally around 2003-2008.
• ST131 is now the predominant extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) lineage worldwide.
• ST131 exhibits high rates of antimicrobial resistance, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (e.g., CTX-M-15) and fluoroquinolone resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the key characteristics of the E. coli ST131 clonal group.
• To synthesize current knowledge on ST131 pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance.
• To identify knowledge gaps for public health strategies against ST131.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published data on E. coli ST131.
• Analysis of epidemiological trends and genetic traits of ST131 isolates.
• Synthesis of information on virulence factors and resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

• ST131 isolates are highly virulent, causing diverse community and hospital-acquired infections.
• ST131 strains frequently produce CTX-M-15 and are nearly universally fluoroquinolone-resistant.
• Contrary to expectations, high antimicrobial resistance in ST131 is not associated with reduced pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

• E. coli ST131 represents a significant global public health threat due to its virulence and resistance.
• Understanding ST131's traits is crucial for developing effective control measures.
• Further research is needed to combat the spread and impact of this successful pathogen.