Diagnostics of halitosis complaints by a multidisciplinary team

The study objective was to collect diagnostic data, to explore correlations between diagnostic variables, to provide an accurate initial diagnosis, and to provide appropriate management in consecutive subjects consulting with a multidisciplinary halitosis team because of a halitosis complaint.

Nine hundred and fifty-four subjects with halitosis complaints applied for consultation. Subjects' history data were collected and organoleptic measurements and a physical examination were performed. Finally, genuine halitosis or pseudo-halitosis/halitophobia was diagnosed initially and management was provided.

Genuine oral halitosis was diagnosed initially in 93% of cases. Using oral cleaning materials, performing mechanical tongue cleaning, and periodical dentist consultation were over-represented in women, whereas men were more likely to have observable biofilm and carious lesions than women. Female gender was associated with tongue coating. Positive associations were found between age and performing mechanical tongue cleaning, organoleptic measurement scores as well as poor oral health. Educational level was positively associated with oral self care behaviours. Performing mechanical tongue cleaning was not associated with periodical dentist consultation.

In nearly all subjects complaining of halitosis, an oral cause could be detected.