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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Extraction of the EPP Component from the Surface EMG
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Extraction of the EPP Component from the Surface EMG

Published on: December 16, 2009

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Rectification is required to extract oscillatory envelope modulation from surface electromyographic signals.

Christopher J Dakin1, Brian H Dalton1, Billy L Luu1

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;

Journal of Neurophysiology
|July 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

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Rectifying surface electromyographic (EMG) signals is crucial for analyzing muscle responses to electrical vestibular stimulation. This preprocessing step enhances the detection of muscle entrainment to known stimuli, improving data analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Surface electromyographic (EMG) signal rectification is a common preprocessing step.
  • Its necessity and potential for data distortion are debated.
  • Previous research has not investigated rectification using controlled oscillatory muscle input.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the necessity of EMG rectification for extracting muscle responses.
  • To compare rectified and unrectified surface EMG with single motor unit activity.
  • To assess coherence and phase relationships with controlled vestibular stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Surface and intramuscular EMG were recorded from the medial gastrocnemius during sinusoidal vestibular stimulation.
  • Unrectified and rectified surface EMG were compared to single motor unit recordings.
Keywords:
EMG preprocessingmotor unitoscillatory inputrectificationvestibular stimuli

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  • Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used to analyze stimulus-EMG coherence.

    • Main Results:

    • Surface EMG modulation by vestibular stimulation was apparent in unrectified signals but missed by FFT.
    • Both rectified surface EMG and single motor units showed significant coherence (1-20 Hz).
    • Rectified EMG and motor units exhibited a moderate correlation in stimulus-phase relationship (r = 0.56).

    Conclusions:

    • Rectification of surface EMG is necessary for extracting muscle response modulation.
    • This preprocessing step is vital for analyzing motor unit entrainment to known stimuli.
    • Findings support the use of rectification for accurate EMG analysis in response to controlled inputs.