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Assessing neurocognitive function in psychiatric disorders: a roadmap for enhancing consensus.

Susanne E Ahmari1, Teal Eich2, Deniz Cebenoyan2

  • 1Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
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Summary

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients show no significant working memory deficits. Exploratory findings suggest memory confidence, not performance, may be key in some patients with checking compulsions.

Keywords:
CheckingIgnore-SuppressNeurocognitiveObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)Working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Identifying consistent neurocognitive deficits in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is challenging.
  • This inconsistency hinders the translation of human findings into animal models for pathophysiology research.
  • Working memory deficits are a proposed, yet inconsistently supported, model for checking compulsions in OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate working memory performance in unmedicated patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
  • To determine if working memory deficits contribute to checking compulsions in OCD.
  • To establish a consensus in assessing neurocognitive function in psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A verbal working memory task with increased task-load was administered.
  • 19 unmedicated OCD patients and 23 healthy controls participated.
  • Performance was measured by reaction time and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • OCD patients did not significantly differ from healthy controls in working memory task performance (accuracy or reaction time).
  • Exploratory analysis indicated reduced memory confidence in a subset of OCD patients with checking symptoms, despite normal performance.
  • No significant difference in working memory performance was observed between OCD patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory performance is not consistently impaired in unmedicaned OCD patients.
  • Memory confidence, rather than performance, may be a more relevant factor for checking compulsions in a subset of OCD patients.
  • Further research should consider alternative etiologic factors and refine neurocognitive assessment methods for OCD.