Executive Function in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Worldwide Mega-Analysis of Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging
Nadža Džinalija1, Ilya M Veer2, H Blair Simpson3
1Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Compulsivity, Impulsivity and Attention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit weaker brain activation in executive function regions and fail to disengage the default mode network during tasks. This meta-analysis provides key insights into the neural underpinnings of OCD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by impaired executive function and altered neural circuit activity, impacting goal-directed behavior.
- Previous research suggests dysfunction in brain regions critical for executive control in individuals with OCD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate neural activation patterns during executive function tasks in a large cohort of individuals with OCD compared to healthy controls.
- To conduct a mega-analysis of fMRI data within the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.
Main Methods:
- Pooled individual participant data from 475 individuals with OCD and 345 controls across 15 fMRI tasks.
- Uniform data processing using HALFpipe and multilevel Bayesian modeling to analyze diagnostic effects on task activation.
Main Results:
- Observed robust task activation in executive processing regions in both groups.
- Individuals with OCD showed significantly weaker activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus, frontal eye fields, and inferior parietal lobule.
- Individuals with OCD exhibited increased activation in default mode network regions during executive function tasks.
Conclusions:
- The first fMRI mega-analysis in OCD reveals diminished frontoparietal activation during executive function.
- Findings suggest impaired default mode network deactivation during task performance in individuals with OCD.
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