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An unusual lung mass post stem cell transplantation
J Lyons1, E Vandenberghe, R Fahy
1Department of Respiratory Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Summary
Mycobacterium kansasii can cause obstructing lung masses in stem cell transplant patients. Prompt anti-tuberculous treatment led to a full recovery, highlighting its treatability.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
Background:
- Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a complex procedure with potential complications.
- Post-transplant infections require careful diagnosis and management.
- Mycobacterium kansasii is an atypical mycobacterial pathogen.
Observation:
- A patient who underwent SCT developed an endobronchial mass.
- The mass caused airway obstruction.
- The clinical presentation mimicked disease relapse or post-transplant lymphoma.
Findings:
- The endobronchial mass was caused by Mycobacterium kansasii infection.
- The patient received standard anti-tuberculous treatment.
- Complete clinical, microbiological, and radiological resolution was achieved.
Implications:
- This is the first reported case of Mycobacterium kansasii presenting as an obstructing lung mass post-SCT.
- Early diagnosis and treatment of M. kansasii are crucial in immunocompromised patients.
- Distinguishing M. kansasii from malignancy or lymphoma is vital for appropriate management in SCT recipients.
