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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

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Published on: November 10, 2021
Establishing equations to evaluate 24 hour urine protein excretion using routine urinalysis
Yang Yang1, Yuansheng Xie, Chao Wang
1Chinese Kidney Center of PLA, First Affiliated Hospital of Beidaihe Sanatorium of Beijing Military Region, Qinhuangdao, China.
Aim:
It is necessary to screen people at high risk for proteinuria with an economical, reliable and convenient method. The aim of this study is to establish a new approach to predict 24 h urine protein (24 h UP) by routine laboratory assays.
Methods:
Five centres were included and a total of 4211 hospitalized patients were enrolled. All samples were assayed for dipstick protein (DSP), specific gravity (SG), 24 h UP and serum albumin (ALB) simultaneously. 4211 patients were randomly divided into two groups for establishing and testing the equations. Equations were built by multiple log-linear regressions.
Results:
(i) DSP is significantly correlated to 24 h UP in a logarithmic pattern; (ii) SG interprets 24 h UP for specific DSP; (iii) Equation 1 = 0.203 × 10(dummy-variable F) × [100 (SG-1)](-0.470) ; and (iv) Equation 2 = 13.366 × 10(dummy-variable F) × [100 (SG-1)](-0.547) × [ALB (g/L)](-1.130) The dummy-variable F had a point-to-point accordance to DSP (detailed in text).
Conclusion:
Combination of DSP and SG can interpret normal-range proteinuria well, and helped by ALB, their interpretation for macro proteinuria is much improved. It is dependable and economical for routine urinalysis to evaluate pathological proteinuria by equation.
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