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Can merely learning about obesity genes affect eating behavior?

Ilan Dar-Nimrod1, Benjamin Y Cheung2, Matthew B Ruby3

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan-MacCallum Bldg (A18), NSW 2006, Australia.

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Believing obesity has a genetic cause reduces perceived control over weight and may increase eating behaviors. Understanding genetic attributions for obesity is crucial.

Keywords:
Etiological explanations for obesityGenetic attributionsGenetic essentialismOvereating behaviorPerceived control

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Public discussion regarding genetic predispositions for obesity has increased.
  • The perceived causes of obesity can influence individual beliefs and behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavioral correlates and consequences of a perceived genetic etiology for obesity.
  • To examine how beliefs about obesity's causes affect perceived control and eating behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted assessing beliefs about obesity's causes.
  • Study 1: Assessed beliefs about etiological explanations for obesity.
  • Studies 2 & 3: Manipulated perceived causes (genetic vs. non-genetic) and measured subsequent beliefs and behaviors, including eating tasks.

Main Results:

  • Stronger endorsement of genetic etiology for obesity predicted a belief that obese individuals lack control over their weight.
  • A non-genetic physiological attribution, compared to a genetic one, increased perceived control over weight.
  • Participants exposed to a genetic explanation for obesity in a fictional media report consumed significantly more food in a subsequent task.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic attributions for obesity are associated with reduced perceived behavioral control.
  • Exposure to genetic explanations for obesity may lead to increased food consumption.
  • These findings highlight the significant impact of perceived genetic etiology on obesity-related beliefs and behaviors.