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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

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Differential perinatal risk factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by subtype

Subin Park1, Soo-Churl Cho2, Jae-Won Kim2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Psychiatry Research
|July 7, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes differ significantly. ADHD combined subtype shows more externalizing symptoms and comorbidities than the inattentive subtype, despite similar genetic risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents with distinct subtypes, primarily the combined (ADHD-C) and inattentive (ADHD-I) types.
  • Understanding the differences in risk factors and clinical presentations between these subtypes is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare ADHD-C and ADHD-I in terms of genetic, perinatal, developmental risk factors, and clinical/neuropsychological characteristics.
  • To identify specific differentiating factors between ADHD subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 147 children (6-15 years) diagnosed with ADHD and 502 healthy controls.
  • Data collection included parent-reported structured interviews, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Children's Behavior Checklist, perinatal risk factor questionnaires, neuropsychological testing, and genotyping (DAT1, 5-HTTLPR).

Main Results:

  • ADHD-C children exhibited more severe externalizing symptoms, greater deficits in continuous performance tests, and higher rates of comorbid disorders compared to ADHD-I.
  • Maternal stress, postpartum depression, and early childhood caretaker changes were associated with both subtypes.
  • ADHD-I showed fewer regular prenatal check-ups and more postnatal medical illnesses than ADHD-C.
  • No significant differences in DAT1 and 5-HTTLPR genotype frequencies were found between ADHD-I and ADHD-C.

Conclusions:

  • The inattentive subtype of ADHD is distinct from the combined subtype across symptom severity, comorbidity, neuropsychological profiles, and environmental risk factors.
  • Environmental and developmental factors appear to play a more differentiating role between ADHD subtypes than the specific genetic polymorphisms studied.

Keywords:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderperinatal risk factorssubtype

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