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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

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The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

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Body position and oxygenation: An intriguing relationship.

Patrícia Rodrigues1, Marta Monteiro2, Paulo Palma1

  • 1Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade Portuguesa De Cardiologia = Portuguese Journal of Cardiology : an Official Journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology
|July 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, characterized by shortness of breath and low oxygen, can be caused by a patent foramen ovale. Simple diagnostic steps led to successful treatment via percutaneous closure.

Keywords:
Atrial septal defectComunicação interauricularForamen ovale patenteOrthodeoxiaOrtodeoxiaPatent foramen ovalePlatipneiaPlatypnea

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Dyspnea and hypoxemia are common clinical presentations.
  • Initial diagnosis can be challenging, sometimes misattributed to pulmonary infections.
  • Persistent hypoxemia despite treatment necessitates further investigation.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with persistent intermittent hypoxemia and dyspnea despite treatment for a presumed pulmonary infection.
  • Symptoms were exacerbated by orthostatism (upright posture) and resolved with recumbence.
  • Pulmonary embolism was excluded via computed tomography angiography and ventilation/perfusion lung scan.

Findings:

  • Echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale with a right-to-left shunt, but no pulmonary hypertension.
  • The clinical presentation was consistent with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, a condition linked to cardiac shunts.
  • Percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale led to complete symptom resolution.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of detailed history taking and physical examination in diagnosing complex cardiopulmonary symptoms.
  • Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, though rare and typically seen in the elderly, should be considered in patients with unexplained orthostatic hypoxemia.
  • Timely diagnosis and intervention, such as device closure of a patent foramen ovale, can significantly improve patient outcomes.