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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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A low-cost real color picker based on Arduino.

Juan Enrique Agudo1, Pedro J Pardo2, Héctor Sánchez3

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This study presents a low-cost Arduino-based system for accurate color measurement of non-luminous objects. The TCS3414CS sensor and custom software offer a viable alternative to expensive traditional colorimetric equipment.

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Area of Science:

  • Color Science
  • Instrumentation
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Traditional color measurement relies on costly and complex equipment.
  • Accurate color reproduction across devices requires understanding color spaces and transformations.
  • A need exists for accessible, low-cost color measurement solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a low-cost hardware system for capturing, processing, and managing color.
  • To evaluate the accuracy and linearity of the TCS3414CS color sensor for non-self-luminous objects.
  • To develop and validate custom software for colorimetric analysis using Arduino and MATLAB.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the TCS3414CS color sensor integrated with an Arduino microcontroller.
  • Developed specific software in MATLAB for colorimetric data processing.
  • Conducted studies on the linearity of chromatic channels and overall measurement accuracy.
  • Provided Arduino and MATLAB scripts as supplementary material.

Main Results:

  • The developed system demonstrates acceptable accuracy for color measurements.
  • Linearity of chromatic channels was analyzed and found to be within acceptable parameters.
  • The low-cost system provides a good alternative to high-end scientific instruments given the price difference.

Conclusions:

  • The TCS3414CS sensor, coupled with Arduino and MATLAB software, offers a cost-effective solution for color measurement.
  • This system provides a practical and accessible tool for applications requiring color analysis.
  • The study validates the potential of affordable hardware for scientific colorimetric tasks.