Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.5K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.6K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.6K
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

29.7K
Overview
29.7K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.1K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.1K
Personal Choice and Fate Attributions01:19

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

277
Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
277
Probability in Statistics01:14

Probability in Statistics

18.6K
Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. The term event is defined as a collection of results of a procedure. An event is a simple event when an outcome cannot be divided into simpler parts.
An example of a simple event is a coin toss. The result of a coin toss is either a head or a tail. Here, head and tail are two simple events. These two simple events make up the sample space. Further, the probability of an event occurring falls within the range of 0 to 1. The probability of an...
18.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decision-making preferences for intuition, deliberation, friends or crowds in independent and interdependent societies.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2025
Same author

People accept breaks in the causal chain between crime and punishment.

Memory & cognition·2024
Same author

Probability and intentional action.

Cognitive psychology·2023
Same author

Actual knowledge.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2021
Same author

Simulating and Predicting Dynamical Systems With Spatial Semantic Pointers.

Neural computation·2021
Same author

Visual Self-Motion Feedback Affects the Sense of Self in Virtual Reality.

Multisensory research·2021
Same journal

Mind wandering during first- and foreign-language reading.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Lexical word processing is unaffected by rapid invisible frequency tagging in reading: Evidence from eye movements.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Anxiety modulates voluntary attentional orienting to emotional gaze cues: Eye movements for pro- and anti-saccades.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Faster key-press responses to front vowels than back vowels when matching heard vowels with represented vowels.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Testing the interleaving effect without response bias: A forced-choice reevaluation of Kornell and Bjork (2008).

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

The impact of social interaction on abstract concepts.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems MEMS to Develop Diagnostic Tools
16:05

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems MEMS to Develop Diagnostic Tools

Published on: October 1, 2007

6.6K

Knowledge and luck.

John Turri1, Wesley Buckwalter, Peter Blouw

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, john.turri@gmail.com.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Success often involves both skill and luck. This study reveals that people attribute knowledge based on how luck affects the *reason* a belief is true, not just if luck plays a role.

More Related Videos

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.9K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems MEMS to Develop Diagnostic Tools
16:05

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems MEMS to Develop Diagnostic Tools

Published on: October 1, 2007

6.6K
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.9K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Success is commonly understood as a combination of ability and luck.
  • Distinguishing between attributions of credit (ability) and luck is crucial for understanding success.
  • Knowledge is an achievement involving truth, but luck often influences the truth of beliefs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the criteria people use to distinguish between attributions of credit and luck in success.
  • To explore which types of luck are compatible with attributions of knowledge.
  • To understand how lucky events influence judgments about knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • A series of four empirical studies were conducted.
  • Participants' knowledge attributions were assessed in scenarios involving varying degrees of luck.
  • The studies focused on how lucky events alter the explanation for a true belief.

Main Results:

  • Knowledge attributions are highly sensitive to lucky events that change the explanatory reason for a true belief.
  • Conversely, knowledge attributions are surprisingly insensitive to lucky events that pose a threat but do not alter the belief's explanation.
  • These findings highlight the importance of the explanatory pathway to truth in knowledge judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Our concept of knowledge is significantly shaped by how luck impacts the explanation of true beliefs.
  • The results help reconcile inconsistencies in previous research on knowledge attributions.
  • This work advances the understanding of the complex relationship between success, luck, and knowledge.