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Acute renal failure due to mannitol intoxication
K J Horgan1, Y L Ottaviano, A J Watson
1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
American Journal of Nephrology
|January 1, 1989
Abstract:
A case of mannitol-induced renal failure is described and previously reported cases are reviewed. Possible mechanisms of the etiology are discussed.
Insights
This case study details mannitol-induced renal failure, reviewing prior instances and exploring potential causes. It highlights a rare but serious adverse effect of mannitol administration.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic commonly used to reduce intracranial pressure and treat cerebral edema.
- While generally safe, mannitol can occasionally cause adverse renal effects, including acute kidney injury.
Observation:
- A case of acute renal failure directly attributed to mannitol administration is presented.
- This case is contextualized with a review of previously documented instances of mannitol-induced renal dysfunction.
Findings:
- The review suggests that hyperosmolarity and direct tubular toxicity are potential mechanisms underlying mannitol-induced renal failure.
- Specific patient factors may predispose individuals to developing this adverse effect.
Implications:
- Clinicians should be aware of the potential for mannitol to cause renal failure, especially in susceptible patients.
- Further research into the precise mechanisms and risk factors is warranted to improve patient safety during mannitol therapy.