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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
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Pattern recognition receptors and autophagy.

Ji Eun Oh1, Heung Kyu Lee1

  • 1Laboratory of Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , South Korea.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and autophagy are key players in the immune system. This review explores how these two processes interact to regulate innate immune responses against threats.

Keywords:
NOD-like receptorsRIG-I-like receptorsautophagycytosolic DNA sensorsinflammasomestoll-like receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The immune system utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect threats and initiate responses.
  • Autophagy is a cellular process crucial for homeostasis and increasingly recognized for its role in immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between PRRs and autophagy in innate immunity.
  • To highlight the reciprocal regulation of these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on PRRs and autophagy.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways linking PRRs and autophagy.

Main Results:

  • PRRs and autophagy engage in complex crosstalk.
  • This interaction significantly modulates innate immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the PRR-autophagy axis is vital for comprehending innate immunity.
  • Further research into this relationship may reveal new therapeutic targets.