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Age-equivalent top-down modulation during cross-modal selective attention.

Maria J S Guerreiro1, Joaquin A Anguera, Jyoti Mishra

  • 1University of California, San Francisco.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|July 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selective attention across senses remains intact in older adults. This study found that both young and older individuals effectively suppressed irrelevant auditory distractions when focusing on visual information, and enhanced visual processing when ignoring auditory input.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Selective attention modulates sensory processing, enhancing relevant and suppressing irrelevant information.
  • Age-related deficits are noted in suppressing irrelevant information, particularly within a single sensory modality.
  • Mechanisms of cross-modal selective attention and their age-related differences are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate top-down attentional modulation across visual and auditory modalities in younger and older adults.
  • To determine if age differences exist in cross-modal selective attention.
  • To examine the relationship between attentional modulation and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity.
  • Participants (younger and older adults) performed three tasks: visual attention with auditory distraction, auditory attention with visual distraction, and passive perception.
  • Behavioral performance (recognition and distractor suppression) was measured.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups showed modulation of visual and auditory processing during cross-modal attention.
  • Auditory distractor suppression was effective when attending to vision, but visual enhancement was not significant when attending to audition.
  • Visual enhancement correlated with visual recognition, and auditory suppression correlated with ignoring auditory distractions.

Conclusions:

  • Selective attention mechanisms, specifically auditory distractor suppression and visual processing modulation, are preserved in older age when attention is directed across sensory modalities.
  • These findings suggest that age-related attentional deficits observed within single modalities may not extend to cross-modal attention.
  • Cross-modal selective attention appears to be a resilient cognitive function in aging.