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Related Concept Videos

The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Extracellular Matrix01:26

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment
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Extracellular matrix remodeling during retinal development.

Jacqueline Reinhard1, Stephanie C Joachim2, Andreas Faissner1

  • 1Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany.

Experimental Eye Research
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for retinal development, guiding cell growth and signaling. This review explores ECM remodeling, its role in retinal development, and modulation during regeneration.

Keywords:
degenerationdevelopmentextracellular matrixglycoproteinsphosphacanproteoglycansretinatenascin-C

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network of molecules essential for tissue structure and function.
  • In the developing retina, the ECM provides structural support and regulates cellular processes.
  • ECM components influence retinal homeostasis and cell signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ECM remodeling during retinal development.
  • To elucidate the role of ECM in axonal growth and guidance of retinal ganglion cells.
  • To examine ECM modulation in retinal de- and regeneration processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ECM in retinal development and regeneration.
  • Analysis of ECM's role in cellular signaling and structural support.
  • Focus on proteoglycans and glycoproteins within the retinal ECM.

Main Results:

  • ECM remodeling is a critical aspect of retinal development.
  • Specific ECM molecules guide retinal ganglion cell axons.
  • ECM plays a significant role in retinal homeostasis and cellular communication.

Conclusions:

  • The ECM is integral to retinal development, influencing cell behavior and tissue organization.
  • Understanding ECM dynamics is key to addressing retinal degeneration and promoting regeneration.
  • Further research into ECM modulation holds therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.