Relaxation and curvature-induced molecular flows within multicomponent membranes

The quantitative understanding of membranes is still rooted in work performed in the 1970s by Helfrich and others, concerning amphiphilic bilayers. However, most biological membranes contain a wide variety of nonamphiphilic molecules too. Drawing analogy with the physics of nematic-non-nematic mixtures, we present a dynamical (out-of-equilibrium) description of such multicomponent membranes. The approach combines nematohydrodynamics in the linear regime and a proper use of (differential-) geometry. The main result is to demonstrate that one can obtain equations describing a cross-diffusion effect (similar to the Soret and Dufour effects) between curvature and the (in-membrane) flow of amphiphilic molecules relative to nonamphiphilic ones. Surprisingly, the shape of a membrane relaxes according to a simple heat equation in the mean curvature, a process that is accompanied by a simultaneous boost to the diffusion of amphiphiles away from regions of high curvature. The model also predicts the inverse process, by which the forced bending of a membrane induces a flow of amphiphilic molecules towards areas of high curvature. In principle, numerical values for the relevant diffusion coefficients should be verifiable by experiment.