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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

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Published on: March 11, 2021
A single amino acid gates the KcsA channel
Minako Hirano1, Daichi Okuno2, Yukiko Onishi2
1Bio Photonics Laboratory, The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsu Nishi-ku Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Dynamics Observation, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furue-dai Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
The KcsA channel, a proton-activated potassium channel, opens constitutively after mutating a key residue (E146) in its cytoplasmic domain. Minimal structural changes in this domain are sufficient for pH-independent channel opening.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Structural Biology
Background:
- The KcsA channel is a crucial proton-activated potassium channel.
- Its gating mechanism is regulated by pH-dependent conformational changes in the cytoplasmic domain (CPD).
- Specific charged amino acids within the CPD are known to be critical for pH sensing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of specific amino acids in the KcsA channel's CPD in pH-dependent gating.
- To determine if minimal structural rearrangements in the CPD are sufficient for constitutive channel opening.
Main Methods:
- Site-directed mutagenesis of the KcsA channel, specifically mutating E146 to a neutral amino acid.
- Analysis of channel activity and gating properties independent of pH.
- Structural analysis to assess the extent of CPD rearrangement post-mutation.
Main Results:
- Mutation of E146 to a neutral residue resulted in a constitutively open KcsA channel, irrespective of pH.
- The cytoplasmic domain (CPD) exhibited minimal structural rearrangement upon this mutation.
- These findings highlight the critical role of E146 in pH-dependent channel regulation.
Conclusions:
- The charged state of E146 in the KcsA channel's CPD is essential for its pH-dependent gating.
- Minimal structural rearrangements, particularly around E146, are sufficient to confer constitutive opening.
- This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of ion channel gating and pH sensing.
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