Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.4K
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

40
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
40
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control01:27

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control

500
Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are essential in many control systems to improve stability and performance. They are commonly used in everyday devices like thermostats to enhance system damping and reduce steady-state error. When the zero in the controller's transfer function is optimally placed, the system benefits significantly in terms of stability and accuracy.
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires...
500
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

13
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
13
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

57
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
57
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.5K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing Automated Lyumjev® Delivery with Carbohydrate Counting, Qualitative Meal-Size Estimation, and Fully Closed-Loop in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot, Randomized, Crossover Trial.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2026
Same author

Design and Evaluation of a Novel Clinical Decision Support Algorithm for Weekly Insulin Efsitora Alfa.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026
Same author

Continuous glucose monitoring versus fasting blood glucose basal insulin titration: a retrospective analysis.

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·2025
Same author

Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2025
Same author

Evolution of the Artificial Pancreas: Components and Integration-CGMs, Insulin, and AP Systems.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2025
Same author

Early Stages of Automated Insulin Delivery.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2025
Same journal

Enhancing Volumetric Imaging in Linear-Array Photoacoustic Tomography: multiview fusion with deep learning.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Robust Rule-based Heuristic Assistance Strategy for a Semi-Active Shoulder Exoskeleton Used in Overhead Work.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Highly Accelerated 1-mm Isotropic 3D Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI Using Wave-Co-CAIPI at 5 Tesla.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Systematic Evaluation of Hip Exoskeleton Assistance Parameters for Enhancing Gait Stability During Ground Slip Perturbations.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

SleepConFormer: A Single-Channel EEG Framework for Sleep Staging and Consciousness Assessment in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Modeling Partial and Total Support of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Discrete Hemodynamic Control Framework.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.7K

Reducing risks in type 1 diabetes using H∞ control.

Patricio Colmegna, Ricardo S Sanchez Pena, Ravi Gondhalekar

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |July 15, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel control scheme for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) effectively reduces hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia risks. This system utilizes a robust controller, insulin feedback loop, and safety mechanism for improved glucose management.

    More Related Videos

    Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
    11:49

    Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

    Published on: November 17, 2013

    8.7K
    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
    07:35

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

    Published on: January 26, 2024

    2.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
    12:08

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

    19.7K
    Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
    11:49

    Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

    Published on: November 17, 2013

    8.7K
    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
    07:35

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

    Published on: January 26, 2024

    2.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Control Systems
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management requires precise glucose control to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
    • Existing control strategies face challenges in adapting to individual metabolic variations and preventing adverse events.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a novel control scheme for T1DM aimed at minimizing risks of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
    • To develop a robust controller integrated with safety mechanisms for enhanced glycemic regulation.

    Main Methods:

    • A control-relevant model was identified using the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator's adult cohort.
    • The control scheme incorporates an H∞ robust controller, an insulin feedback loop (IFL), and a safety mechanism (SM).
    • The safety mechanism predicts future glucose levels, while the IFL adjusts loop gain to mitigate postprandial hypoglycemia.

    Main Results:

    • The control scheme was rigorously tested on the FDA-accepted, complete in silico adult cohort of the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator.
    • Simulations demonstrated the system's capability to reduce risks associated with both high and low blood glucose levels.
    • The integrated safety mechanism and insulin feedback loop proved effective in preventing dangerous glycemic excursions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed control scheme offers a promising approach for improving glucose control in individuals with T1DM.
    • The combination of robust control, predictive safety measures, and adaptive feedback enhances the safety and efficacy of artificial pancreas technology.
    • This in silico validation provides a strong foundation for potential clinical translation and improved T1DM patient outcomes.