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Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation

Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation

Published on: July 16, 2016

Haptic simulation for acupuncture needle manipulation.

In-Seon Lee¹, Taehyung Lee, Woo-Chul Shin

¹1 Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.)

|July 15, 2014

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Researchers developed realistic phantom acupoints for acupuncture training. These phantoms mimic human acupoint biomechanics, enabling practitioners to train de qi sensation and needle manipulation effectively.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Acupuncture Research
Haptic Technology

Background:

Quantitative measurement of needle manipulation's three components (stimulation degree, biomechanical force, de qi sensation) remains challenging.
Understanding these components is crucial for standardized acupuncture practice and research.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively measure and compare in vivo biomechanical forces of six human acupoints during haptic manipulation.
To develop novel phantom acupoints that replicate the biomechanical forces of human acupoints.
To validate the developed phantom acupoints through assessment by Korean medicine practitioners.

Main Methods:

Assessed biomechanical force and de qi sensation in 16 participants across six human acupoints (LI4, LI11, LR3, ST36, ST25, BL25) using twisting manipulation.

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Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation

Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation

Published on: July 16, 2016

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Published on: October 28, 2021

Author Spotlight: Development of a Standardized Acupuncture Tool Inspired by Advanced Techniques for Improved Safety and Precision

Author Spotlight: Development of a Standardized Acupuncture Tool Inspired by Advanced Techniques for Improved Safety and Precision

Published on: January 10, 2025

Developed phantom acupoints using 1%-7% agarose gel, calibrated to match human acupoint biomechanical data.

Main Results:

Significant differences in mean torque amplitudes were observed among human acupoints.
Phantom acupoint biomechanical force increased with higher agarose gel concentrations.
A significant correlation was found between biomechanical force and de qi sensation in both human and phantom acupoints.
Practitioners could not distinguish between human and phantom acupoints, indicating high validity.

Conclusions:

Force-validated phantom acupoints, developed using human data, offer a valuable tool for acupuncture training.
These phantoms can enhance the understanding of acupuncture manipulation characteristics.
The study provides a foundation for more objective and reproducible acupuncture education and research.