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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Altering impulsive decision making with an acceptance-based procedure.

Kate L Morrison1, Gregory J Madden1, Amy L Odum1

  • 1Utah State University.

Behavior Therapy
|July 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acceptance-based training reduced impulsive decision-making by decreasing delay discounting rates in university students. This intervention shows promise for addressing behaviors linked to addiction and other clinical issues.

Keywords:
ACTacceptancedelay discountingdistress toleranceimpulsivity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Delay discounting, a key aspect of impulsive decision-making, involves devaluing future rewards.
  • Steep delay discounting is associated with substance abuse and other problematic behaviors.
  • Psychosocial interventions are needed to reduce delay discounting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a brief acceptance-based intervention can decrease delay discounting rates.
  • To assess the impact of acceptance training on distress tolerance and psychological inflexibility.
  • To compare the effects of acceptance training against a waitlist control group.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty undergraduate students participated in a randomized controlled trial.
  • A 60-90 minute acceptance-based training was administered to the treatment group.
  • Measures included a delay discounting task, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Distress Tolerance Scale.

Main Results:

  • The treatment group showed a significant decrease in delay discounting of monetary rewards compared to the control group.
  • No significant changes were observed in distress intolerance or psychological inflexibility immediately post-intervention.
  • Across all participants, the intervention led to decreased monetary reward discounting and increased distress tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Acceptance-based interventions may effectively reduce delay discounting.
  • This approach could be beneficial for modifying choices underlying addiction and related behaviors.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and mechanisms of acceptance-based treatments.