Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform01:20

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform

1.4K
The Region of Convergence (ROC) is a fundamental concept in signal processing and system analysis, particularly associated with the Laplace transform. The ROC represents an area in the complex plane where the Laplace transform of a given signal converges, determining the transform's applicability and utility.
Consider a decaying exponential signal that begins at a specific time. When deriving its Laplace transform, the time-domain variable is replaced with a complex variable. This...
1.4K
Region of Convergence01:17

Region of Convergence

1.1K
The z-transform is a powerful mathematical tool used in the analysis of discrete-time signals and systems. It is a crucial tool in the analysis of discrete-time systems, but its convergence is limited to specific values of the complex variable z. This range of values, known as the Region of Convergence (ROC), is fundamental in determining the behavior and stability of a system or signal. The ROC defines the region in the complex plane where the z-transform converges, which can take various...
1.1K
Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient01:10

Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient

5.0K
In a linear calibration curve, there is a value called the calibration coefficient, denoted by 'r,' which measures the strength and the direction of association between two variables. The correlation coefficient value ranges from −1 to +1. A value of +1 indicates a perfect positive linear correlation, −1 denotes a perfect negative correlation, and 0 implies no correlation between the two variables. A positive correlation value establishes that as one variable increases, the...
5.0K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

6.1K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
6.1K
Aggregate Cement Ratio01:21

Aggregate Cement Ratio

1.2K
The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
1.2K
Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

832
Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
832

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Due to Tonsillar Cancer; A Case Series.

Cerebellum (London, England)·2026
Same author

Non-linearity of the response accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio.

Strabismus·2013
Same author

Binocular visual acuity in intermittent exotropia: role of accommodative convergence.

American journal of ophthalmology·2013
Same author

Depth of suppression in anisometropic amblyopia (with or without microtropia).

Binocular vision & strabology quarterly, Simms-Romano's·2012
Same author

The response AC/A ratio: differences between inducing and relaxing accommodation at different distances of fixation.

Strabismus·2011
Same author

The effect of testing distance on the bielschowsky head tilt test.

Binocular vision & strabismus quarterly·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.6K

Convergence accommodation to convergence CA/C ratio: convergence versus divergence.

Joshua M Simmons1, Alison Y Firth

  • 1Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield , Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX , UK.

Strabismus
|July 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) ratio remains consistent whether the eyes converge using base-out prisms or diverge using base-in prisms. This study found no significant difference in the CA/C ratio across various prism-induced vergence levels.

Keywords:
Binocular single visionconvergence accommodation/convergence ratiodivergenceopen loop accommodation

More Related Videos

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery
05:12

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

Published on: August 12, 2021

1.8K
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.6K
Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery
05:12

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

Published on: August 12, 2021

1.8K
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • The relationship between vergence and accommodation is crucial for clear binocular vision.
  • The convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) ratio quantifies this relationship.
  • Investigating the CA/C ratio under different vergence demands, such as convergence and divergence, is important for understanding visual function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the CA/C ratio during prism-induced convergence (using base-out prisms) and divergence (using base-in prisms).
  • To determine if the magnitude of the CA/C ratio differs between convergence and divergence conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen participants with normal binocular vision were tested.
  • Participants viewed a target at 40 cm and had their refractive status measured.
  • Base-out (BO) and base-in (BI) prisms (5Δ and 10Δ) were used to induce convergence and divergence, respectively, while refractive error was measured.

Main Results:

  • The mean CA/C ratios were similar for all prism conditions: 5Δ BO (0.108 D/Δ), 10Δ BO (0.110 D/Δ), 5Δ BI (0.100 D/Δ), and 10Δ BI (0.089 D/Δ).
  • A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant change in the CA/C ratio based on the level or direction of prism-induced vergence (p=0.649).

Conclusions:

  • The induced change in accommodation due to manipulated vergence is comparable whether convergence or divergence is stimulated.
  • The CA/C ratio is stable and does not significantly change with differing levels of prism-induced convergence or divergence.