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Contextual control over selective attention: evidence from a two-target method.

Ellen MacLellan1, David I Shore, Bruce Milliken

  • 1Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S-4K1, Canada, maclele@mcmaster.ca.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Context influences selective attention and the attentional blink (AB). Preparing for difficult selective attention tasks in a context with more similar trials reduced the AB effect, impacting cognitive control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Selective attention research typically uses conflict tasks and response time.
  • The attentional blink (AB) effect, where accuracy for a second target (T2) is impaired after a first target (T1), is a key phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the context of selective attention preparation influences the attentional blink.
  • To explore the impact of local and global contextual factors on cognitive control during selective attention tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a task involving selective attention to a first target (T1) presented with a distractor, followed by a second target (T2).
  • Preparation for selective attention was manipulated by varying the density of difficult T1 trials within local and global contexts.
  • Accuracy of T2 encoding was the primary dependent measure.

Main Results:

  • A significant attentional blink (AB) effect was observed.
  • Smaller AB effects were found when difficult T1 trials were embedded in contexts with a higher density of similar trials.
  • Both trial-to-trial (local) and block-wide (global) contexts modulated performance.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual factors, both local and global, play a crucial role in modulating selective attention and the attentional blink.
  • Preparation for demanding selective attention can be influenced by the surrounding task environment, impacting cognitive control.
  • This study introduces a novel method for examining context effects in selective attention and the AB.