Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
Published on: July 8, 2021
The long-term effect of calcium hydroxide, calcium-enriched mixture cement and mineral trioxide aggregate on dentin
Fariborz Moazami1, Safoora Sahebi1, Davoud Jamshidi2
1Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Introduction:
Many of highly-alkaline dental materials have some adverse effects on physical properties of dentin. As basic substances, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and the new endodontic material, calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, may adversely affect dentin. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of long-term application of CEM cement, MTA and CH on flexural strength of bovine dentin.
Materials And Methods:
Three hundred and twenty bovine dentin samples were divided into 4 groups, which were either exposed to CEM cement, CH, MTA or normal saline (control group). Samples of each group were divided into 4 subgroups which were tested by means of Instron Universal Testing Machine for periods of 7, 30, 180 and 365 days after exposure to the test materials. The required force for sample breakage was recorded. The data were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results:
The mean value of forces to break the samples in CEM cement and CH groups was significantly lower than the control group after 1 month (P<0.05). After 180 days, the samples of CEM cement group retrieved their strength but in MTA and CH groups the time interval weakened the samples. After one year of exposure to CH and MTA, flexural strength of the dentin reduced to 72% and 38.7%, respectively (P<0.05). Yet the flexural strength of samples in CEM cement group did not change significantly compared to control group.
Conclusion:
Following 365 days of application of experimental materials to bovine dentin, the CEM cement showed an interesting result and the samples in this group reached their initial strength during the first week of the study but the other materials caused a reduction in dentin strength at the end of the study.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Hydration of Cement
Strength and Heat of Hydration
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
Strength of Cement
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Transition Zone
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

