Functional convergence spasm.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurology
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Convergence spasm (CS) is characterized by intermittent episodes of convergence, miosis, and accommodation, often mimicking abducens palsy.
• Historically, CS has been linked to psychogenic disorders since its initial description in 1856.
• Organic causes of CS span metabolic, neurological, and ophthalmic diseases, necessitating a broad differential diagnosis.

Observation:

• Patients with CS frequently undergo extensive and invasive diagnostic evaluations.
• Functional CS, a subtype, presents a diagnostic challenge, often leading to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment.
• This report details a rare case of functional CS, including photographic evidence with patient consent.

Findings:

• The case presented demonstrates a functional etiology of convergence spasm.
• Successful treatment was achieved through appropriate management, underscoring the importance of identifying non-organic causes.
• This case contributes to the limited literature on functional CS, particularly from India.

Implications:

• Accurate differentiation between organic and functional CS is crucial to prevent unnecessary medical interventions.
• Highlighting functional CS cases can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
• Further research into the prevalence and management of functional CS in diverse populations is warranted.