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Snakebite in captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)
M W Miller1, M A Wild, B J Baker
1Colorado Division of Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins 80526.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|July 1, 1989
Summary
Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) can suffer severe snakebite reactions. Prompt treatment with dexamethasone and penicillin led to rapid recovery in affected elk.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Toxicology
- Wildlife Health
Background:
- Snakebite incidents in captive wildlife are uncommon but can cause significant health issues.
- Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) are susceptible to venomous snakebites, requiring understanding of clinical signs and effective treatments.
Observation:
- Eight cases of snakebite were documented in 11 captive Rocky Mountain elk during June-July 1987.
- Clinical signs included facial swelling, edema, respiratory distress, nasal discharge, and altered behavior.
- Puncture wounds were visible in only two of the affected elk.
Findings:
- Treatment with dexamethasone and procaine penicillin G, alongside clostridium and tetanus toxoid revaccination, resulted in recovery within 3 to 5 days.
- Serum antibody detection confirmed exposure to prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom in six of seven elk.
- Evidence of seroconversion and anamnesis was observed, indicating an immune response to the venom.
Implications:
- This study highlights the potential for snakebites in captive elk and the efficacy of specific veterinary interventions.
- Understanding the clinical presentation and serological responses is crucial for diagnosing and managing snakebite cases in large mammals.
- Findings contribute to wildlife health management strategies and veterinary protocols for exotic and native ungulates facing venomous encounters.