Optimisation of pulsed ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction for curcuminoids by response surface methodology...

A response surface methodology and a kinetic study were used to optimise the pulsed ultrasonic and microwave techniques in the extraction of curcuminoids. Microwave-assisted extraction had the same efficiency as pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and both methods were better than continuous ultrasonic extraction of curcuminoids. For the pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the optimal conditions were 60% amplitude (AMP), 83% ethanol (v/v), 3/1 (s/s) pulsed duration/interval time and 10 min irradiation time. For the microwave-assisted extraction, the optimal conditions were 82% ethanol, 10% power level and 7 min of extraction time. Both methods used a 1:200 mass to solvent ratio.