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Beauty in a multicultural world.

David M Weeks1, J Regan Thomas1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois, 1855 West Taylor Street, MC 648, Room 2.42, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facial cosmetic surgery demand is rising among diverse patients. Classic beauty principles like symmetry and youthfulness offer objective guidelines applicable across all ethnicities.

Keywords:
AttractivenessDefinitions of beautyDivine ratioFacial appearanceFacial symmetryMulticultural appearances

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Facial Analysis

Background:

  • Facial cosmetic surgery demand is increasing.
  • Patients are more diverse, informed, and selective.
  • Individual patient goals vary significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore objective criteria for facial aesthetics.
  • To apply universal beauty principles to diverse populations.
  • To objectify the abstract concept of beauty in facial surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established aesthetic principles.
  • Application of concepts like the golden ratio (phi), symmetry, averageness, youthfulness, and sexual dimorphism.
  • Analysis of applicability across different ethnicities.

Main Results:

  • Classic beauty tenets are universally applicable.
  • These principles can objectify aesthetic goals.
  • Objective guidelines aid in planning for diverse patients.

Conclusions:

  • Universal aesthetic principles provide an objective framework for facial analysis.
  • These tenets can guide cosmetic surgery for diverse patient populations.
  • Objectifying beauty standards enhances surgical planning and outcomes.