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A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities
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Nutrient addition dramatically accelerates microbial community succession.

Joseph E Knelman1, Steven K Schmidt2, Ryan C Lynch2

  • 1Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.

Plos One
|July 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrient addition, specifically nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization, rapidly accelerates soil microbial succession. Fertilized young soils quickly resembled established, late-successional communities, highlighting nutrient availability

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial ecology
  • Soil science
  • Ecological succession

Background:

  • Ecological mechanisms driving microbial community succession are debated.
  • Soil microbial communities change predictably with soil development, but causal factors are unclear.
  • Nutrients are key drivers of plant succession, but their role in microbial succession needs isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on soil microbial succession.
  • To understand how nutrient availability influences bacterial community structure in early-stage soils.
  • To compare microbial communities in fertilized young soils with naturally developing successional transects.

Main Methods:

  • Established a factorial N and P fertilization experiment in recently deglaciated Peruvian soils.
  • Collected soil samples before and one year after fertilization.
  • Compared fertilized soils to reference transects representing 5 to 85 years of soil development.

Main Results:

  • A single +NP fertilizer application caused 3-year-old soils to resemble 85-year-old soils after one year.
  • Bacterial community composition in fertilized plots converged with late-successional communities, despite differing edaphic properties.
  • Nutrient addition significantly accelerated the rate of soil microbial succession.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in resource availability, driven by nutrients, are a primary mechanism controlling soil microbial community shifts.
  • Nutrient colimitation plays a significant role in primary ecological succession.
  • Nutrients alone, independent of other successional edaphic factors, are critical regulators of microbial community development.