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A chicken embryo lethality assay for pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum.

Luke B Borst, M Mitsu Suyemoto, Shivaramu Keelara

    Avian Diseases
    |July 25, 2014
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    Summary

    Pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum strains cause severe disease in chickens. A chicken embryo model demonstrated that these virulent strains significantly decrease embryo survival, unlike nonpathogenic strains.

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    Area of Science:

    • Avian pathology
    • Bacteriology
    • Infectious disease

    Background:

    • Enterococcus cecorum causes significant economic losses in poultry worldwide.
    • Enterococcal spondylitis (ES) is a severe manifestation of E. cecorum infection in chickens, leading to increased mortality.
    • Pathogenic E. cecorum strains from ES outbreaks are genetically similar.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the virulence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Enterococcus cecorum strains.
    • To evaluate the utility of a chicken embryo lethality model for assessing E. cecorum virulence.

    Main Methods:

    • Pathogenic (n=8) and nonpathogenic (n=9) E. cecorum strains were inoculated into the allantoic cavity of broiler and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer embryos.
    • Embryo survival was monitored daily for 4 days.
    • Gross pathological changes were assessed in surviving and dead embryos.

    Main Results:

    • Pathogenic E. cecorum strains significantly reduced embryo survival in both broiler (23% vs. 60%) and SPF (9% vs. 61%) embryos compared to nonpathogenic strains.
    • Embryos infected with pathogenic strains exhibited signs of sepsis, including hemorrhage and edema.
    • Nonpathogenic strains did not cause similar pathological changes within 48 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • The chicken embryo lethality assay is an effective tool for differentiating the virulence of E. cecorum strains.
    • This model aids in understanding the genetic factors contributing to E. cecorum virulence in poultry.
    • Virulent E. cecorum strains possess distinct pathogenic characteristics that lead to increased embryo mortality.