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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Chemically induced Jahn-Teller ordering on manganite surfaces.

Zheng Gai1, Wenzhi Lin1, J D Burton2

  • 1Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Nature Communications
|July 25, 2014
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Summary

Researchers visualized atomic-level structural domains on manganite surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy. This reveals how surface chemistry stabilizes atomic displacements, offering insights into condensed matter physics phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Understanding emergent physical phenomena at transition metal oxide surfaces is challenging.
  • Probing local composition, order parameter fields, and their electronic coupling is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize physical order parameter fields in real space at the single-atom level.
  • To apply local crystallographic analysis to in-situ-grown manganite surfaces.
  • To observe and understand the origin of structural domains on manganite surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to measure sub-30-pm atomic displacements.
  • Real-space visualization of physical order parameter fields.
  • Direct bond-angle mapping.
  • In-situ surface growth.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Visualization of physical order parameter fields at the single-atom level.
  • Direct observation of structural domains on manganite surfaces.
  • Identification of surface-chemistry-induced stabilization of ordered Jahn-Teller displacements as the origin of domains.
  • Insight into the interplay between various degrees of freedom.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-30-pm atomic displacement measurements in STM enable real-space visualization of order parameter fields.
  • Surface chemistry plays a key role in stabilizing structural domains on manganite surfaces via Jahn-Teller distortions.
  • This approach provides atomic-level understanding of surface phenomena in transition metal oxides.