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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Bladder outlet obstruction in women: functional causes.

Ashley B King1, Howard B Goldman

  • 1Center for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. Q10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA, kingab3@gmail.com.

Current Urology Reports
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Summary

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women, often overlooked, involves various causes. This review highlights functional etiologies like dysfunctional voiding and Fowler

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Women's Health
  • Voiding Dysfunction

Background:

  • Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women is increasingly recognized.
  • Historically, less focus was placed on female BOO compared to males.
  • Understanding diverse etiologies is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review functional causes of bladder outlet obstruction in adult women.
  • To define diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for these conditions.
  • To increase focus on female voiding dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of functional bladder outlet obstruction in women.
  • Analysis of studies on dysfunctional voiding, Fowler's syndrome, and primary bladder neck obstruction.
  • Synthesis of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Functional etiologies are a significant component of BOO in women.
  • Dysfunctional voiding, Fowler's syndrome, and primary bladder neck obstruction are key functional causes.
  • A broad differential diagnosis is essential for accurate identification.

Conclusions:

  • Functional bladder outlet obstruction requires dedicated attention in women's health.
  • Accurate diagnosis of functional causes is key to successful treatment.
  • Further research into female voiding dysfunction is warranted.