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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Interferons (IFNs)-beta and glatiramer acetate (GA) are established disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The increasing availability and cost of DMTs necessitate comparative effectiveness studies.
  • Head-to-head trials provide objective data for comparing DMTs' risk/benefit profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review head-to-head trials comparing IFNs-beta and GA in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
  • To assess differences in safety and efficacy between IFNs-beta and GA for RRMS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IFNs-beta directly against GA in RRMS patients.
  • Searched Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the Central Nervous System Group Trials Register and reference lists.
  • Included five RCTs with 2858 participants, analyzing clinical and MRI outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Both therapies showed similar clinical efficacy (relapse and progression rates) at 24 months.
  • IFNs-beta demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in T2- and T1-weighted MRI lesion volume compared to GA.
  • Adverse event rates were comparable between IFNs-beta and GA groups.

Conclusions:

  • IFNs-beta and GA exhibit similar clinical efficacy and safety profiles in RRMS treatment.
  • IFNs-beta show a superior effect in limiting MRI lesion burden accrual compared to GA.
  • Evidence is insufficient to compare effects on patient-reported outcomes like quality of life.