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A novel nidovirus was discovered in an Indian python with pneumonia. This finding expands the known hosts for nidoviruses and reveals unique genetic characteristics, offering new insights into viral diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • The order Nidovirales includes large, enveloped viruses with positive-stranded RNA genomes.
  • Nidoviruses infect humans and various animal species, but have not been previously reported in reptiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detect, characterize, and phylogenetically analyze a novel nidovirus in an Indian python.
  • To investigate the association of this virus with necrotizing pneumonia in the python.

Main Methods:

  • Detection and partial genome sequencing of the novel virus from python lung tissue.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of viral genome, including polyprotein 1a, frameshift signals, and accessory ORFs.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of polyprotein 1ab to determine viral classification.

Main Results:

  • A novel divergent nidovirus was identified in an Indian python exhibiting necrotizing pneumonia.
  • The virus possesses a large polyprotein 1a, a unique ribosomal frameshift signal, and an accessory ORF with paramyxovirus-like similarity.
  • Phylogenetic analysis places the virus within the Torovirinae subfamily.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the first detection of a nidovirus in a reptile, expanding the known host range of Nidovirales.
  • The novel virus exhibits distinct genetic features, contributing to the understanding of nidoviral genetic diversity.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for this virus in reptilian respiratory disease.