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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Does adiposity affect muscle function during walking in children?

Zachary F Lerner1, Sarah P Shultz2, Wayne J Board3

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|July 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increased body fat in children alters gait biomechanics, reducing knee flexion and increasing pelvic tilt. Muscle force and contribution to movement change, particularly in the vasti muscles, impacting walking patterns.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsClinical gait pathologyMusculoskeletal modelingPediatric obesity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical analysis
  • Pediatric obesity research
  • Gait kinematics

Background:

  • Obesity in children is linked to altered gait, but underlying biomechanical mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Adipose tissue accumulation significantly impacts musculoskeletal function and movement patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how increasing body-fat percentage (BF%) affects gait biomechanics in children.
  • To test hypotheses regarding changes in knee flexion, pelvic obliquity, muscle forces, and muscle contributions to center of mass (COM) acceleration with increasing BF%.

Main Methods:

  • A scaled musculoskeletal model was used to analyze 14 children (aged 8-12 years) with varying body-fat percentages (16-41%).
  • Individual muscle forces and their contributions to COM acceleration were estimated.
  • Correlations between BF% and kinematic/kinetic variables were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Higher BF% correlated with decreased knee flexion during stance and increased pelvic obliquity range of motion.
  • Relative force production of vasti, gluteus medius, and soleus muscles was significantly correlated with BF%.
  • Vasti muscle contributions to vertical and posterior COM acceleration decreased with increasing BF%.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports hypotheses that increased body fat in children leads to reduced knee flexion and increased pelvic obliquity during gait.
  • Muscle force and contribution to COM acceleration are altered in obese children, particularly within the vasti muscles.
  • Altered functional demands on hip abductors may contribute to gait changes observed in pediatric obesity.