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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Intercellular communications in multispecies oral microbial communities.

Lihong Guo1, Xuesong He1, Wenyuan Shi1

  • 1School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA.

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|July 30, 2014
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Summary

Oral microbes communicate through physical contact, metabolic exchanges, and signaling systems. These interactions are crucial for forming structured communities and maintaining oral health.

Keywords:
cell-cell communicationcoadhesionmetabolic interactionsoral microbial communitysignaling transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Biology
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • The oral cavity harbors over 700 microbial species involved in complex cell-cell interactions.
  • These interactions shape structured multispecies communities, influencing physiological functions and pathogenesis.
  • Microbial co-adhesion and metabolic interdependencies are key to oral colonization and community architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of intercellular communication among oral microbes.
  • To highlight the roles of cell contact, metabolic interactions, and signaling systems.
  • To understand how these communications establish and maintain balanced oral microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on oral microbial interactions.
  • Analysis of studies detailing cell contact-dependent interactions.
  • Examination of research on metabolic interdependencies and quorum sensing (QS).

Main Results:

  • Oral microbes engage in physical contact, metabolic collaborations, and signaling.
  • Metabolic interactions modify the microenvironment (e.g., pH, oxygen) and energy extraction.
  • Quorum sensing (QS), using molecules like competence-stimulating peptides (CSPs) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), regulates microbial physiology and ecology.

Conclusions:

  • Intercellular communication is fundamental to the establishment and stability of oral microbial communities.
  • Diverse communication strategies, including physical contact, metabolic exchange, and QS, are employed by oral microbes.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for comprehending oral health and disease.