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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

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X-ray lasers and crystallography.

John C H Spence1

  • 1Department of Physics, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85282, USA.

Iucrj
|July 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

X-ray lasers are revolutionizing crystallography, offering new insights into molecular structures. This advancement is crucial for the field of structural biology and its applications.

Keywords:
X-ray lasersXFELscrystallography

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Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography and Structural Biology

Background:

  • The emergence of X-ray lasers represents a significant technological advancement.
  • These lasers offer novel capabilities for investigating molecular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the development of X-ray lasers.
  • To outline their applications in the field of crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Review of X-ray laser technologies.
  • Analysis of their integration into crystallographic techniques.

Main Results:

  • X-ray lasers provide unprecedented resolution and speed in crystallographic studies.
  • New avenues for structural determination are being opened.

Conclusions:

  • The development of X-ray lasers is transforming crystallography.
  • The International Union of Crystallography Journal (IUCrJ) is well-positioned to disseminate this cutting-edge research to crystallographers and structural biologists.