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Synchronous RNA conformational changes trigger ordered phase transitions in crystals.

Saminathan Ramakrishnan1, Jason R Stagno1, Chelsie E Conrad1,2

  • 1Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.

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|March 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how adenine riboswitch RNA molecules rearrange cooperatively within crystals during ligand-triggered phase transitions, maintaining lattice order. This finding enables studying large biomacromolecular conformational changes using advanced crystallography techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Time-resolved studies of biomacromolecular crystals are limited to small conformational changes.
  • Large ligand-induced changes often cause disruptive solid-solid phase transitions.
  • Understanding the interplay between molecular and lattice changes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synchronous behavior of adenine riboswitch aptamer RNA during ligand-triggered phase transitions in crystals.
  • To elucidate the mechanistic interplay between conformational and lattice transitions in biomacromolecules.
  • To establish a physical basis for studying large conformational changes in crystalline states.

Main Methods:

  • Direct visualization using polarized video microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  • Time-resolved X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) diffraction data collection.
  • Analysis of crystal lattice parameter changes over time.

Main Results:

  • RNA molecules exhibit cooperative rearrangements that preserve lattice order during phase transitions.
  • Distinct temporal changes in crystal cell parameters were observed.
  • Bulk lattice order was confirmed by time-resolved XFEL diffraction.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand binding can trigger isothermal phase transitions in adenine riboswitch aptamer RNA crystals with maintained lattice integrity.
  • Synchronous molecular rearrangements provide a pathway for studying large conformational dynamics in crystals.
  • This work advances time-resolved crystallography for investigating biomacromolecular conformational changes in micro/nanocrystals.