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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Facelifting: anatomical considerations.

Andre Levesque1, Jorge de la Torre1

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|July 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facelifting techniques advance with better understanding of facial aging. New technologies for skin tightening and volume restoration improve patient outcomes and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Dermatology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Facial aging is a complex process involving skin laxity and volume loss.
  • Traditional facelifting methods have limitations in addressing all aspects of facial aging.
  • Advancements in cosmetic procedures offer enhanced rejuvenation possibilities.

Observation:

  • Modern facelifting techniques incorporate improved technologies for skin tightening.
  • Fat grafting and dermal fillers are utilized for volume restoration.
  • A thorough understanding of facial anatomy is crucial for successful outcomes.

Findings:

  • Technological innovations have enhanced the safety and efficacy of facelifting procedures.
  • Combined approaches, including surgery and injectables, yield improved aesthetic results.
  • Restoration of youthful facial anatomy is achievable with current techniques.

Implications:

  • Patients benefit from safer and more effective facial rejuvenation options.
  • The evolution of facelifting contributes to the field of aesthetic medicine.
  • Further research into facial aging can lead to even more advanced treatments.