Vascular neurocutaneous disorders: neurospinal and craniofacial imaging findings

We review the neurospinal and craniofacial imaging findings in vascular neurocutaneous disorders. The patients presented with cutaneous and cerebral lesions associated with craniofacial abnormalities or spinal lesions. Vascular neurocutaneous disorders may involve segmental or localized lesions associated with either low- or high-flow vascular malformations. Other neuroimaging findings include vascular occlusive changes with ischemic stroke, ectatic arteries, aneurysm, cortical migrational disorders such as hemimegalencephaly and congenital anomalies of the posterior fossa. Craniofacial vascular malformations, eye abnormalities, facial deformity and spinal lesions have been reported in some cases. Hamartomatous formation and malignancy have also been reported in some cases. Correlation of clinical findings with neurospinal and craniofacial abnormalities is important to reach a specific diagnosis of some vascular neurocutaneous disorders.