[Prostatic cancer screening by rectal palpation can be organized with consideration to cost effectiveness]

Of 9,008 males, aged 50-69 years, 1,494 were randomly selected and invited to participate in a screening programme for carcinoma of the prostate; 1,163 (78 per cent) accepted. Rectal examination was performed independently by a GP and by a urologist at the GP's surgery. Carcinoma of the prostate was suspected by one or both physicians in 45 cases, and subsequently confirmed by cytological investigation in 13 cases. Ten patients underwent radical prostatectomy, one received radiation treatment, one case was too advanced for curative treatment, and one was scheduled for subsequent reassessment. Screening for early diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate either by a urologist or by a GP, using digital rectal examination, would thus appear to be a cost-effective procedure, though the question remains whether it will promote prolongation of survival.