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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
Published on: April 23, 2021
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is not associated with chronic venous disorders: A case-control study
Maurizio A Leone1, Olga Raymkulova2, Piergiorgio Lochner3
1SCDU Neurologia, Head and Neck Department, AOU "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, IRCAD, Novara, Italy maurizio.leone@maggioreosp.novara.it.
Objectives:
To evaluate the relationship between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and the presence of a Chronic Venous Disorder (CVD).
Method:
We included 55 subjects with CCSVI aged >18 years, and 186 controls without CCSVI. Each subject was evaluated with color Doppler sonography in accordance with Zamboni's five criteria, examined by two neurologists and interviewed with an ad-hoc designed form. The neurologists and the sonographers were mutually blinded. CVD were classified according to CEAP.
Results:
Mean age was 42 years (SD = 9) in cases and 43 years (10) in controls (p = ns). The odds ratios in subjects CCSVI were 0.6 (0.2-2.2) for CEAP 1, 0.9 (0.2-4.5) for CEAP 2, and 1.0 (0.6-1.9) for family history of varicose veins. The prevalence of CVD and, family history of varicose veins, was similar between cases and controls for each Zamboni criterion.
Conclusions:
We found no association of CCSVI with the presence of CVD or family history of varicose veins.
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