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Development of a forensic skin colour predictive test.

Olalla Maroñas¹, Chris Phillips¹, Jens Söchtig¹

¹Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Science "Luis Concheiro", University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Forensic Science International. Genetics

|August 2, 2014

Summary

Forensic scientists can now predict skin color using genetic markers. This new test analyzes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine skin pigmentation, aiding in forensic investigations.

Keywords:

Externally visible traits Forensic phenotyping Linear regression analysis Naïve Bayes classification Pigmentation Skin colour prediction

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Forensic Science
Human Pigmentation

Background:

Forensic skin color prediction faces challenges due to inconsistent phenotyping methods and complex genetic/environmental factors.
Previous research focused on unadmixed populations, limiting applicability to admixed individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze genetic variations associated with skin color in African, European, and admixed African-European populations.
To develop a forensic skin color predictive test using genetic markers.

Main Methods:

Spectrometric measurements and photographs of skin color were taken in parallel with genetic analysis.
A panel of 59 pigmentation-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used.
A forensic online classifier was developed using Naïve Bayes analysis of SNP profiles.

Main Results:

Strong associations between specific SNPs and skin color variation were identified in the study cohort.
The ten most strongly associated SNPs, located in 8 pigmentation-related genes, were selected for the predictive test.
A functional skin color predictive test was developed.

Conclusions:

The study successfully identified key genetic markers for skin color prediction in diverse populations.
The developed SNP-based test offers a novel tool for forensic applications, particularly for admixed individuals.