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Field-programmable lab-on-a-chip based on microelectrode dot array architecture.

Gary Wang1, Daniel Teng2, Yi-Tse Lai3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskwatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A9. gary.wang@usask.ca.

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Summary

This study introduces a field-programmable lab-on-a-chip (FPLOC) using microelectrode dot array (MEDA) architecture for advanced digital microfluidics. This innovation enables scalable integration of microfluidics and microelectronics for biochip development.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biochip technology
  • Integrated circuits

Background:

  • Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics offer advantages in fluid manipulation for microscale systems.
  • Development has been limited by a lack of integrated detectors, standard components, and on-chip sample preparation.
  • Existing design methods are often full-custom or bottom-up, hindering scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a field-programmable lab-on-a-chip (FPLOC) system based on microelectrode dot array (MEDA) architecture.
  • To demonstrate a scalable and integrated approach for EWOD digital microfluidics.
  • To overcome limitations in current EWOD microfluidic system development.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a proof-of-concept FPLOC prototype with a 30 × 30 MEDA.
  • Utilized generic integrated circuits computer-aided design tools for development.
  • Manufactured the system using standard low-voltage complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
  • Integrated 900 droplet detection circuits into microelectrode cells.

Main Results:

  • Achieved large-scale integration of microfluidics and microelectronics on a single chip.
  • Demonstrated the 'microelectrode cell' as a standard, configurable EWOD component.
  • Enabled field-programmability and dynamic droplet manipulation for complex microfluidic operations.
  • Facilitated a hierarchical, top-down design approach.

Conclusions:

  • The FPLOC system based on MEDA architecture offers a standardized, scalable, and programmable platform for EWOD digital microfluidics.
  • This approach overcomes previous limitations, paving the way for advanced biochip development.
  • The integration of microelectronics and microfluidics using standard CMOS technology is feasible and advantageous.