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Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
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Success rates for functional MR imaging in children.

A Rajagopal1, A Byars2, M Schapiro2

  • 1From the Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (A.R., G.R.L., S.K.H.), Department of Radiology akila.rajagopal@cchmc.org.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Summary

Functional MRI (fMRI) success rates are higher in longitudinal studies for children. Longitudinal pediatric brain imaging studies show improved cooperation and task completion across all age groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neuroimaging research
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Child psychology

Background:

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is crucial for studying brain development in children.
  • Engaging young children in high-quality brain imaging research presents significant cooperation challenges.
  • Understanding fMRI success rates informs recruitment strategies for pediatric studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate fMRI success rates in typically developing children.
  • To compare success rates between longitudinal and cross-sectional study designs.
  • To guide sample size estimations for future pediatric neuroimaging research.

Main Methods:

  • 459 healthy children (5-18 years) participated in a cross-sectional study.
  • 30 children (5-7 years) underwent annual fMRI scans for 10 years in a longitudinal study.
  • Success rate was defined as completing 4 fMRI tasks; analyzed using Fischer exact test.

Main Results:

  • Cross-sectional: 74% overall task completion; younger children (5-7) had 34%-67% success, older (8-18) had 76%-100%.
  • Longitudinal: 89% completed all tasks annually over 10 years.
  • Significant differences in completion rates between cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts (P < .0001); no sex differences.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric fMRI study sample sizes should be adjusted based on age.
  • Recommended scaling factors: 33% for ages 8-18, 50% for ages 5-7.
  • Longitudinal designs may yield higher cooperation and data quality in pediatric neuroimaging.