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All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the...
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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
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A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
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Building better bioorthogonal reactions.

Hui-Wen Shih1, David N Kamber1, Jennifer A Prescher2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|August 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are advancing bioorthogonal chemistry for tracking biomolecules in living systems. This review covers key reactions, functional groups, and future challenges in developing new reagents for multi-target labeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Significant interest exists in developing selective reactions for biomolecule tracking.
  • Bioorthogonal reactions enable the study of biological processes in live cells and animals without interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review widely used bioorthogonal chemistries for in vivo and in vitro biomolecule tracking.
  • To highlight recent advancements in tuning reactivity and stability of bioorthogonal functional groups.
  • To identify current challenges and future directions in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established bioorthogonal reaction classes.
  • Analysis of functional groups utilized in bioorthogonal transformations.
  • Discussion of strategies for enhancing reaction kinetics and selectivity.
  • Examination of current limitations and future prospects for reagent development.

Main Results:

  • Key bioorthogonal chemistries and their underlying functional groups are detailed.
  • Recent progress in optimizing reaction speed and selectivity is presented.
  • Ongoing challenges in discovering new reagents and concurrent multi-target labeling strategies are outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Bioorthogonal chemistry is crucial for advanced biomolecule tracking.
  • Continued innovation is needed to develop more efficient and versatile bioorthogonal tools.
  • Future research should focus on expanding the repertoire of orthogonal reactions for complex biological studies.