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Was Sir William Crookes epistemically virtuous?

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This study examines Sir William Crookes' psychical research, highlighting the crucial role of epistemic virtues like courage in scientific inquiry, especially within controversial fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • History of Science
  • Virtue Epistemology

Background:

  • Growing interest in epistemic virtues within scientific inquiry.
  • Limited integrated historical and philosophical studies on virtues in science.
  • Focus on controversial or 'fringe' sciences to test epistemic virtues.

Observation:

  • Sir William Crookes' psychical research serves as a case study.
  • Analysis of epistemic virtues, particularly epistemic courage.
  • Crookes' research demonstrated epistemic courage, requiring contextual sensitivity.

Findings:

  • Epistemic courage in Crookes' research was context-dependent and motivated.
  • The exercise of epistemic virtues is complex and sensitive to context.
  • Crookes' work highlights the relationship between epistemic virtuousness and scientific integrity.

Implications:

  • Provides lessons for historians of science and virtue epistemologists.
  • Underscores the complexity and contextuality of epistemic virtues.
  • Informs future studies on the role of virtues in scientific research and public trust.