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Updated: Apr 26, 2026
Multiple Intravenous Bolus Dosing and Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment in a Hypoxia-Induced Mouse Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Model
Published on: November 11, 2022
Evaluation of intraosseous pressure in a hypovolemic animal model
Ralph J Frascone1, Joshua G Salzman2, Alex B Adams3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN.
Background:
In emergent situations, access to the vascular bed is frequently required for fluid and medication administration. Central venous catheter placement is associated with risk and may slow resuscitation in the unstable patient. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intraosseous pressure (IOP) could be consistently recorded and how similar this pressure was to central venous and arterial pressure in a porcine hemorrhagic shock model.
Materials And Methods:
After sedation, eight female swine had catheters placed in the femoral vein, aorta via femoral artery, and superior vena cava. IOP lines were placed in the proximal humerus, distal femur, and proximal tibia. Pressure readings were recorded continuously through the five stages of progressive hypovolemia. Pressure data were descriptively summarized, with the percent of change of IOP at each stage compared with arterial pressure using a multilevel mixed effects linear model with log transformation.
Results:
The IOP baseline values were between 16 and 18 mm Hg, approximately 22% of baseline arterial pressure. The intraosseous (IO) waveform mostly closely resembled the arterial pressure waveform, including the presence of a dichroitic notch. Pressure variations caused by ventilation (respiratory variability) were also identified in all the tracings. The rate of pressure change in the humeral IO most closely matched the change in arterial pressure rate. IO blood gas analysis showed gas composition to most closely match venous blood.
Conclusions:
IOP was reliably obtained in this porcine model and suggests potential for clinical application in humans.
