Study of ECG changes and its relation to mortality in cases of cerebrovascular accidents
Suja Purushothaman1, Deepalaxmi Salmani2, Kaleramma Gopalakrishna Prarthana3
1Department of Physiology, Malabar Medical College and Research Centre, Modakkallur, Atholi, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
Insights
Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes are common in acute stroke patients. These ECG findings, including ST-T changes and U waves, correlate with higher mortality rates, especially in hemorrhagic stroke.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Neurology
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
- CVAs present significant challenges in medical management and rehabilitation.
- Neurological disorders, including stroke, are known to induce electrocardiogram (ECG) changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of ECG changes in acute stroke patients.
- To determine the relationship between specific ECG alterations and mortality in CVA cases.
Main Methods:
- 100 patients with acute stroke were included in the study.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were performed within 24 hours of admission.
- Patients were categorized into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke groups based on lesion type.
Main Results:
- ECG changes were observed in 78% of the 100 stroke patients.
- Common ECG changes in ischemic stroke included T-wave inversion (34.48%) and ST depression (32.75%).
- In hemorrhagic stroke, T-wave inversion (33.33%) and arrhythmias (33.33%) were frequent, with higher mortality linked to ST-T changes and U waves.
Conclusions:
- ECG abnormalities are frequently detected in patients experiencing acute stroke.
- Specific ECG changes, such as ST-T alterations and U waves, are associated with increased mortality.
- Hemorrhagic stroke cases exhibited higher overall mortality compared to ischemic stroke.
Background:
Its being long recognized about the highly debilitating and destructive nature of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Around the world CVAs has posed as a major factor in medical morbidity and mortality. It has thrown up challenges with regards to their medical management and also towards posttreatment rehabilitation. It is well-known that neurologic disorder contributes variously towards varied electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and stroke is no exception.
Objective:
To study the ECG changes and its relation to mortality in cases of CVA.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 100 patients with acute stroke were enrolled in the study. All the 100 patients underwent ECG recording within first 24 h of admission. The patients were divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic group depending on the nature of lesion.
Results:
Out of 100 cases, 58 were ischemic and 42 were hemorrhagic. The ECG changes were noted in 78 patients. Among the ischemic group, the changes noted in the ECG were: T wave inversion (34.48%), ST segment depression (32.75%), QTc prolongation (29.31%), and presence of U waves (27.58%). In cases of hemorrhagic stroke, it was: T wave inversion (33.33%), arrhythmias (33.33%), U waves (30.95%), and ST segment depression (23.80%). Mortality was higher in patients with ST-T changes in ischemic group (66.66%) and in patients with positive U waves (60%) in hemorrhagic group.
Conclusion:
In acute stroke patients, changes in ECG were commonly seen. The changes varied from T-wave inversion to ST segment depression in ischemic stroke. In hemorrhagic stroke it consisted of T wave inversion and arrhythmias. Overall mortality was high in cases of hemorrhagic compared to ischemic group.
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