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Attachment Styles

Attachment Styles

Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.

Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles

Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles

Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in...

Attachment

Attachment

Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...

Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

The relationship between attachment style and postpartum depression.

Mari Ikeda¹, Momoko Hayashi, Kiyoko Kamibeppu

¹a Nursing Administration and Advanced Clinical Nursing, Division of Health Science & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan.

Attachment & Human Development

|August 8, 2014

Summary

Insecure attachment styles are linked to postpartum depression (PPD). Identifying attachment styles can improve screening and interventions for maternal mental health.

Keywords:

Attachment Style Interview Japanese insecure attachment style postpartum depression pregnant women

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Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

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Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychology
Obstetrics

Background:

Adult attachment styles are linked to mood disorders.
The connection between adult attachment and postpartum depression (PPD) remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the association between women's attachment styles and PPD.
Identify other risk factors contributing to PPD.

Main Methods:

84 pregnant women were assessed for attachment style, psychosocial factors, and antenatal depression.
Postpartum depressive symptoms were evaluated one month after birth using validated instruments.

Main Results:

21% of women experienced PPD.
Insecure attachment was significantly associated with PPD.
Insecure attachment, socioeconomic status, and antenatal depression predicted PPD.

Conclusions:

Attachment style is a significant factor in PPD.
Incorporating attachment style assessment can enhance PPD screening and intervention strategies.